本文目录一览
- 1、大学英语中的修辞手法
- 2、几种常见的修辞方法英语表达
- 3、高分求教，英语高手请进，帮忙翻译一下。 如果采纳，追加20分。
- 4、我是初中生，谁能帮我辅导一下英语里的丛句，主要是定语状语宾语！谢了！！
- 5、07 06 05年泉州市中考英语试卷
- 6、有关宾语从句
大学英语中的修辞手法
大学英语中的修辞手法
英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句：明喻、隐喻、暗喻、提喻、通感、联觉、移觉、拟人、夸张、排比,平行、委婉、婉辞法、比方、反语、双关、仿拟、修辞疑问，下面是我整理的相关内容，希望对你有帮助。
1.Simile 明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
例如:
1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
2.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
例如:
1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
I.以容器代替内容,例如:
1.The kettle boils. 水开了.
2.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
4.Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
例如:
1.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
他的厂里约有100名工人.
2.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世纪的牛顿.
3.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
例如:
1.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.
2.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）
品尝Mozart的音乐.
6.Personification 拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
例如:
1.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化）
2.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）
7.Hyperbole 夸张
夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的'.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如:
1.I beg a thousand pardons.
2.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
3.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
8.Parallelism 排比, 平行
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.
例如:
1.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
2.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.
9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.
例如:
1.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
2.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.
3.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. （去世）
10.Allegory 讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）
建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
例如:
1.Make the hay while the sun shines.
表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草
真正意味：趁热打铁
2.It's time to turn plough into sword.
表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑
11.Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.
例如:
1.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）
2"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
12.Pun 双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.
例如:
1.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.
2.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.
3.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
13.Parody 仿拟
这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.
例如:
1.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
2.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
3.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.
14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问（反问）
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.
例如:
1.How was it possible target=_blank class=infotextkeypossible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.
例如:
1.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
2.You are staying; I am going.
3.Give me liberty, or give me death.
16.Paradox 隽语
这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..
例如:
1.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达
2.The child is the father to the man.（童年时代可决定人之未来）三岁看大，四岁看老。
17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
例如:
1.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见
2.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.
18.Climax 渐进法,层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.
例如:
1.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
2.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
19.Anticlimax 渐降法
与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
例如:
1.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
2.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes
;几种常见的修辞方法英语表达
1、比喻?[bǐ yù]
[allegory;comparison;metaphor;figure of speech] 一种修辞方式,即打比方,用某些有类似特点的事物来比拟想要说的某一事物
2、拟人 [nǐ rén][personify] 把事物人格化的修辞方式
3、排比?[pái bǐ]
[parallelism]∶修辞方式,用一连串结构相似、内容密切相关、语气一致的句子或句子成分来表示意思,用以增强语势,使内容得到强调。
4、夸张
[hyperbole] 夸张法。一种修辞手段,指为了启发听者或读者的想象力和加强言语的力量,用夸大的词句来形容事物
5、对比?[duì bǐ]
[contrast;balance]∶[两种事物或一事物的两个方面] 相对比较
6、夸张 [kuā zhāng]
[hyperbole] 夸张法。一种修辞手段,指为了启发听者或读者的想象力和加强言语的力量,用夸大的词句来形容事物
扩展资料
写作手法及作用
(1)拟人手法：赋予事物以人的性格、思想、感情和动作，使物人格化，从而达到形象生动的效果。
(2)比喻手法形象生动、简洁凝练地描写：事物、讲解道理。
(3)夸张手法：突出事物的特征，揭；示本质，给读者以鲜明而强烈的印象
(4)象征手法；把特定的意义寄托在所描写拘事物上，表达了……的情感，增强了文章的表现力。
(5)对比手法：通过比较，突出事物的特点，更好地表现文章的主题。
(9)衬托手法(侧面烘托)：以次要的人或事物衬托主要的人或事物，突出主要的人或事物的特点、性格、思想、感情等。
高分求教，英语高手请进，帮忙翻译一下。 如果采纳，追加20分。
1. ice sculpture series: classical life, wealth, perfect, Sun flower, the taste of life, of Cherbourg, corn poppy, home and everything, money tree, he's a woman she's a man, fantasy space, plum flower, dark aroma, lucky rich, thriving business, pengbishenghui, eternal love, true ciopper door, rose of qualifications, pond spice, feelings of simple but elegant, quiet water deep and Lotus.2. silk series: Iraqis incense, Crystal love, Word pioneer, one metre, colorful round the Sun, gentleman style, beautiful scene on a bright day, Lotus pond and full moon, rich elegant Oriental
3. roasted paint series: powder family (Emperor gold), and happiness years, and fragrance (Pearly pink roasted paint), and Ruyi life (Pearly pink/pale yellow roasted paint), and tulip, and hemeizhenzhujin, and mirror spent margin (Pearly shallow ancient copper roasted paint), and stars points points, and smart audio guide health fai, and happiness Fu Halo, and spent of rhyme, and English poetry, and attachment spent language, and drunk fashion, and enchanted, and poetic, and happiness eternal, and Paris lovers, and pour dream of margin.
4 wall series: spring returns, water cube, tail, feathers, rose flowers, connected to Fuxi, Lotus pond and full moon, autumn in October, Choi Hung, Meteor chasing the Moon, four seasons Symphony
5 high translucent series: shade, perfect, like the years water clearance, happy life, yongnian, innocence and love of rose, prosperous times wedding clothes, perfume, don't taste and habits, Lily, strings of flowers, the European charm of life that stroll, about Convention, icing on the cake, heart moving, Peacock Dance with me, Chinoiserie, apricot xiangfeng month, Jane Eyre, daffodils
6 DV plate series: falling/youth, and brilliant smile, and Misty Rain Dim, and kasileinuo, and silk road spent rain, and inspiration melody, and network era, and love summer, and Milan style, and like water years, and Xiangyun, and have mutual affinity, and Butterfly fly fly, and pattern years, and beautiful Iraqis, and love in distance, and spent opened rich, and fuyadongfang, and icing on the, and us waiter/waitress margin, and elegant style, and smile with a, and spent dream, and attachment, and daffodil, and love Department landscape, and aftertaste, and aftertaste led hand, and Bobadilla spent love, and grape, and meet, and fun paradise, and Butterfly love spent, and European charms.
7 color mirror series: courtyard flowers (mirror Sha), and race Fong tuyan, and (Crystal yellow/golden) rhyme scheme direction (titanium dioxide gold), and celebrate spring, and ya mirror, and youth dance, and dream woke up spent opened, and Nile of legend, and Hyun dynamic spent full homes (Titanium golden white), and spent fragrance, and water rhyme wall, and Leopard sheath (Pearly) troubled times Lady (Jin Chajing/Lan Huijing), and cloud Lily, and p plus stand (water blue), and light of property language, and closely, and mission spent Kam clusters world aspect, and ceremony, and beauty jiaoyang Lamping, and drunk fragrant rose
8 head sculpture series: Lily, Ode to the era trends and How To Succeed In Business Without Really Trying, autumn, flowers leaves, Monte Rena, Helena, beauty, Isabelle Adjani, fragrance melodies, water jade jiaolan
9 Titanium series: evening primrose, love summer, simple affair, flower opened rich, vacant dreams, dancing and magnificent, great heart, love together, mood, and Vidas, cool, and the new millennium.
10 oil sands series: Freehand live, Breeze, p plus stand, photo stories, step by step, love of the blessed the goal happily, speaks of the light.
11 carved: the fragrance four overflows, sika deer, higher positions, coconut trees, fish, Beijing Yun Orchid, Calla, Lotus free imagination
12 sand carved series: Dutch fragrant elegant, and often dependent, and youth melody, and waiting, and spent Butterfly love, and leaves fragrance bloom, and Plexus in the laugh, and led hand, and very beautiful, and happy Princess, and Sony Ericsson, and beautiful mood, and June Qing Dutch, and elegant rose, and rhyme, and Magnolia fragrant, and graceful, and rich full, and spent rhyme fragrance, and yearning for happiness, and us still, and Xiang Siying, and dream spring, and junsi language, and double Luan xiangfeng, and Peony, and Hei reunite, and Butterfly curtain vertical dream, and sunflower, and star Hyun dance, and Iraqis asked autumn
13 engraving series: flowers in the mirrors (powder mirror + engraving), Heung Yuen coagulation charm and elegance fashion wind, mirror, pioneer, still beautiful encounter, butterfly love, harmony, flower charm, family portrait Chinese knot, silver starfish and coffee bean
14 extra white glass series: Melody flowers overnight to pick up, flower, moon shadow fragrant, flowers, dreams in the mirror pines, perfect interpretation, fashion's got talent, American star, looking, fashion elements.
153-dimensional network series: Sun-set flower, butterfly Xuan, at first sight, perfect flower dreams, Two for the Road, new language, romance, Sun Odyssey, Sunshine Coast, contentment, a breeze, and plume in Wonderland.
我是初中生，谁能帮我辅导一下英语里的丛句，主要是定语状语宾语！谢了！！
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
3 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本 很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
7 先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从 句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
9 关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
状语从句
状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当，来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等。状语从句
都由从属连词引导，与主句连接，放在句末时，一般不在前面加逗号。
状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间，原因，条件，比较，结果，目的等类。下面我们拣重点
的一个一个来分析。
时间状语从句：是由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as 等从
属连词引导的状语从句。
时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时，只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或
存在的状态。
如:I will call you as soon as I arrive there.
原因状语从句： because, since, as和for都表示原因。常常令我们不知该用哪个好。我们来
比较一下。
because语势最强，回答why提出的问题，用来说明人所不知的原因。当能够很明显的看出原因
或人们已知原因，就用as或since。
如：I don't like that coat,because the color looks terrible.
由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直
接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
如：He is not here, because / for his mother is ill.
目的状语从句：表示目的状语的从句可以由in order that, so that,等词引导。如：
You must raise your voice so that/in order that everybody can hear you clearly.
结果状语从句：结果状语从句常由so...that 或 such...that引导，要掌握和区分这两个句型，
首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词,只能修
饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
如：The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.
让步状语从句：是由though, although 引导的状语从句。
though, although 和 but不能同时使用。
Although it rained, they had a good time.
宾语从句考点归纳
复习目标：
1．掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词
2．掌握宾语从句的语序——主句+连接词+主语+谓语
3．掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应。
重点：语序和时态呼应
难点：语序和时态呼应；与疑问词+不定式的转化；与状语从句的辨析
考点梳理：
一、宾语从句的连接词
1．连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。
eg. He knew （that） he should work hard.
2．连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。
eg. Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3．连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。
eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
【注意】
1．由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。
eg. I don't know how I should do with the presents. == I don't know how to do with the presents.
2．要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who（m） do we have to see?（╳）
Can you tell me who（m） we have to see?（ √）
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.（思考: what在从句中的成分）
陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. → I asked him where the tickets are.
三、宾语从句的时态呼应
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
eg. I thought （that） you are free today. （╳）
I thought （that） you would be free today. （ √）
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。
eg. The teacher told us （that） the earth moves around the sun.
四．其他需要说明的问题
1．标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2．要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。
▲五．宾语从句和状语从句的区分
eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.
2） I don't know if the train has arrived.
句1）中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don't know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。
判断方法：
1．可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2．从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”。
3．从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。
【课外巩固】
1．《中考捷径》第21讲，课内练习选择题，3，4，5，6，7，11，12，第41讲例题、课内练习，课外练习三。
2．《复习导引》26页第3大题，27页第4大题，28页第5大题1，2，3，4，5
同步检测
一、用合适的连接词填空
1. Wang Hai told me _____ he didn't go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
2. Can you tell me ______ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
6. They don't know _______ we are going hiking.
7. She wanted to know _______ her coat would be ready the next day.
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw.
9. I don't know ______ so many people crowding round him
10. Do you know ______ shirt it is?
二、句型转换
1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.（改为宾语从句） →
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
2. What does he do? Do you know? （改为宾语从句）→
Do you know _______ he _______?
3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. （改为宾语从句） →
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. （改为宾语从句）→
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
5. “Do you want to try something new?” Tom's mother asked him. （同义句）→
Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ _______ to try something new.
6. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） →
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
7. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） →
Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
8. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） →
I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
三、选择题
1. I don't know _____ he will be back home.
A. who B. what C. when D. where
2. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
3. Do you still remember _______?
A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say
4. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left
5. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
6. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.
A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has gone
C. how far/ went D. how far had/ run
7. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
8. Can you tell me ___________?
A. where are you doing B. where do you study
C. where you were doing D. where yu study
9. I can't understand _______ the boy alone.
A. why she let B. why did she leave C. why had she left D. why she had left
10. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen
11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it
12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
13. _______ he'll come or not isn't important.
A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What
14. Would you like to know _______they will do it or not.
A. if B. that C. whether D. why
15. —Where do you think _____ he ____ the TV set? — Sorry, I've no idea.
A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought
16. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
A. how, another B. what, more C. how , other D. what, another
17. — Could you tell me ______? — Yes. He ____ to the USA.
A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
18. —Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
—Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.
A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain
C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains
19. I don't know if he ______tomorrow. If he ________, I'll meet him.
A. will come/ comes B. comes/ comes C. will come/ will come D. comes/ will come
20. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive
07 06 05年泉州市中考英语试卷
（英语）2006福建省泉州市中考样卷试题I 听力部分
eg:
1.听句子：根据你所听到问句，选择恰当的答语。
1. A. No, I disagree. B. Because it’s boring. C. I’m not allowed to stay out late.
2. A. It might be John’s. B. It’s on the table. C. It’s five dollars.
( 听力材料：1. What rules do you have at home?
2. Whose CD is this? )
( Key: 1.C 2.A )
(B) 从A、B、C三个图画中选出符合对话内容的图画
eg:
1．
2．
( 听力材料
1. —What does this sign mean?
— Don’t take photos here.
2. — What is the weather like today?
— It is sunny. )
(Key: 1.C 2.A)
(C) 听第一段对话，回答第1、2小题
eg: 1. Where did the woman lose her bag?
A. In a car. B. At the park gate. C. Under a big tree.
2. What colour is the woman’s bag?
A. Green B. Blue C. Black
( 听力材料：M: Can I help you, madam?
W: Yes. I lost my bag in the park.
M: Where did you leave it?
W: I left it under a big tree.
M: What colour is your bag?
W: Blue. )
听第二段对话，回答第3、4小题
3. Ted is a _______.
A. Frenchman B. German C. Canadian
4. English is spoken by more than 400 million people as their _________ language.
A. first B. second C. foreign
(听力材料：
—Where do you come from, Ted?
—I’m from Canada.
—Can you speak English?
—Sure. English is widely used in our country. And it’s spoken by more than 400 million people as their first language in the world.)
( Key: 1.C 2. B. 3. C 4. A)
3. 根据你所听到的对话，选择正确的答案（5分）。
eg:
1. Ann’s birthday party is on next___________.
A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday.
2. Ann is going to have the party _____________.
A. at home B. in a hotel C. at a restaurant
3.Tom __________come to Ann’s party.
A. doesn’t want to B. can’t C. would like to
4. —How long does Tom’s piano lesson last?
—________________.
A. An hour. B. Two hours. C. Three hours.
5. Peter can’t come to the party because ______________.
A. he has gone to Japan B. he has to go to the piano lesson
C. he has to look after his brother
( 听力材料：
Tom: Hi, Ann!
Ann: Hi, Tom! Next Saturday is my birthday. Can you come to my party?
Tom: Sure, I’d love to come. What time will it start?
Ann: Half past four.
Tom: I’m afraid I may be a little late.
Ann: Why?
Tom: I have a piano lesson from three to five on Saturday afternoon.
Ann: That’s OK. It doesn’t matter. You can come after the piano lesson.
Tom: Where is the party—at home or in a hotel?
Ann: At home. Oh, by the way, don’t forget to tell Peter. I hope he will come, too.
Tom: I’m afraid he can’t come. He has to look after his little brother. His parents have gone to Japan for business. They won’t come back until next month.
Ann: What a pity!
Tom: Thanks for asking, Ann. See you.
Ann: See you. Bye!)
Key: 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C
II. 语言知识运用(I)
1. 选择填空
eg:
选择最佳的选项完成句子。从A、B、C、三个选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳答案
eg: 1.There is little milk in the glass, _____?
A. is there B. isn’t there C. isn’t it
2. —______ are those vegetables?
—Two yuan a kilo.
A. How many B. How much C. What
3. The boy is ______to take care of himself.
A. enough old B. enough young C. old enough
4. —Where is your father?
—He _________ Beijing on business. He will be back soon.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in
5. —What is the price of your skirt, Lucy? It looks so pretty.
—It _________ me more than 120yuan.
A. paid B. cost C. spent
( Key: 1.A 2,B 3.C 4.A 5.B)
2. 完形填空 从每小题三个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案
Mrs. Black lived in a city. She was very rich and never did 1 at home. In the evening she often watched TV and went to bed late at night. She always got up 2 lunch time. She never took any 3 , and she was getting fatter and fatter. It worried her and she had to see a doctor one day. The doctor looked her over 4 and said, “ I’m sorry, madam. Nobody can help you! I’m sure you’ll 5 in a month!”
6 this, Mrs. Black was very 7 . She got home and ate 8 drank nothing. She cried and cried and couldn’t sleep at night. Nobody could do anything for her. And a month later she didn’t feel better 9 didn’t die. She became angry and went to see the doctor again.
“You said I was going to die, didn’t you?” said the woman.
“Yes, madam,” answered the doctor.
“You were wrong, sir! Look! I’m here again!”
“But I cured (治愈) you,” said the doctor. “Aren’t you 10 now?”
( ) 1. A. nothing B. something C. anything
( ) 2. A. by B. on C. in
( ) 3. A. rest B. exercise C. teamwork
( ) 4. A. care B. careful C. carefully
( ) 5. A. live B. save C. die
( ) 6. A. Listening B. Hearing C. Watching
( ) 7. A. angry B. happy C. glad
( ) 8. A. and B. or C. than
( ) 9. A. but B. so C. because
( )10.A. thinner B. fatter C. thin
( Key 1--5 C A BC C 6-10 BC B A A)
III.阅读理解 (共4篇)
Eg:
(A)篇，根据短文内容，判断下列句子是否正确，对的涂（A），错的涂（B）
Swimming is a good sport and it’s very popular. In summer people like swimming because water makes people feel cool. If they swim in a wrong place, it may not be safe. These years, some people died when they were enjoying themselves in water and most of them were students. These people were not careful in swimming. They often thought they swam so well that nothing would happen to them in water.
Summer holiday will be here again. If you go swimming, don’t forget that better swimmers
have died in water. They died because they were not careful, not because they could not swim. So don’t get into the water when you are alone. Don’t get into the water if there is a “No swimming” sign. If you remember these, swimming will be safe and it’s good for your health.
( ) 1. People like to swim in summer because swimming makes them popular.
( ) 2. Swimming may not be safe if you swim in dangerous places.
( ) 3. Some swimmers died in water because most of them couldn’t swim.
( ) 4. Swimming is good for people’s health.
( ) 5. The writer wants to tell us that we must be more careful in swimming.
(Key:1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.A)
(B)篇，根据短文内容，从每小题A、B、C、D中选出一个最佳答案
Although some people don’t like talking about the danger of population growth, the world’s population continues to grow. Most of the growth is happening in Africa and parts of South and West Asia that are least able to afford more people. However, population increases have
slowed or even stopped in Europe, North America and Japan.
Today about 80 percent of the world’s people live in developing countries, Asia has more than doubled its population since 1960, but Europe’s has risen by only 20 percent. The United
States is the only Western country whose population is expected to increase---- largely not because of births, but of immigration.
Now some six billion mouths must be fed and bodies clothed and housed. Misuse of the earth’s resources to meet those needs, for example, poor farming practices and over-fishing is a possible danger to human life and health around the world. People across the world are trying to find ways to solve the problems brought by increasing population.
( New words: immigration (移民) misuse (滥用) resources (资源) )
( )1. We can know from the passage that ________________.
A. The world’s population growth has already stopped
B. The world’s population is still increasing year by year
C. The world’s population growth will stop very soon
D. The world’s population will be doubled in a few years
( )2. Why did the writer say that the United States is the only Western country whose population is expected to increase?
A. Because there are quite a lot of births each year.
B. Because the old people live longer now than before.
C. Because many people from other countries move to live there.
D. Because the United States is rich and it can afford more people.
( )3. The world “mouths” in the last paragraph means _____________.
A. men B. babies C. population D. people
( ) 4. Through the passage the writer tells us that _____________.
A. The birth rate（率）is higher in the in developing countries
B. The birth rate is lower in the in developing countries
C. The birth rate is higher in Africa and part of North and East Asia
D. The birth rate is lower in Africa and part of South and West Asia
( )5. “Six billion” in the text can be written as “______________”.
A. 6,000,000,000 B. 600,000,000
C. 60,000,000,000 D. 600,000,000,000
（ Key: 1.B 2 C 3.D 4.A 5.A）
第II卷（非选择题）(答案直接做在第II卷上)
IV. 语言知识运用(II) :
. (A)单词归类 根据所给单词按其所属类别进行归类（鼓励学生自己多写）
eg: paper，plane, beef, pen, dumpling, rice, boat, sheep, eraser, noodle, horse, bike, monkey, ruler, panda，pencil, ship，chip, car, dolphin
文具类: _____________________________ ; 交通工具类: __________________________
食物类:______________________________; 动物类: ______________________________
(Key: 文具类: pen, pencil, ruler, eraser, paper; 交通工具类: plane, car, bike, boat, ship
食物类: beef, noodle, dumpling, rice, chip, 动物类: sheep, horse, monkey, dolphin, panda)
(B) 选择方框里的单词或词组、并用其恰当形式填空，使句子完整，句意通顺。
1. Jake is a smart and confident young man, so I believe he will __ ____________if he keeps on working hard.
2. —You look tired, Mike. Why?
—I _____________late for the science test last night.
3．It is _____________ for teenagers to stay away from the cigarettes.
4. —How can I __________the problems in my daily life?
—There are many ways. For example, by learning to forget.
5．Let’s buy some fish _______________meat for dinner. OK?
—Great! I like fish more than meat.
（Key: 1. succeed 2 stayed up 3. necessary. 4. deal with 5. instead of）
V. 口语应用：
1. .口语匹配：根据所给情景选择最佳答案
eg:
1. Jack is telling his classmates about his vacation plan. _____F_____
2. A foreigner is asking the way. _____________
3. Tom wants to know about David’s interests. _____________
4. A student is talking about difficulties in learning English. _____________
5. Bill disagrees with his friends. _____________
6. Peter is reminding his brother what he should do. _____________
(Key: 1.F 2. D 3.C 4. B 5. A 6. E)
2. 补全对话 根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的
最佳选项
eg:
Mike: May I use your car, Jane?
Jane: Yes, of course, ____________
Mike: Just one or two hours.
Jane: OK. ___________ By the way, __________
Mike: I’m going to the train station to meet a friend of mine.
Jane: Can you do something for me?
Mike: _____________
Jane: Will you buy some apples for me on your way?
Mike: _____________
(Key: B C D A E)
VI. 任务型阅读
eg:
形式一 根据文章内容完成要求。
How to Make Friends
1. It’s hard to make friends if you stay home alone all the time. Get out of the house and do things that will put you in touch with other people. Join a club or play a sport. Attend meetings or other groups. It’s easier to make friends when you have similar interests.
2. Learn from people who seem to have lots of friends. Watch carefully how they make and keep friends. Don’t copy all of the things they do, but try to notice what they do. Then try some of those things yourself.
3. Don’t be afraid to show people what you’re really good at. Talk about the things you like and do best. Don’t hide your strong points. People will be interested in you if there is something interesting about you.
4. Plan things to talk about with people. Find out what’s in the newspaper headlines, listen to CDs, learn about what’s new with your favorite TV or movie star. The more you have to say, the more people will be interested in having a conversation with you
5. Look people in the eye when you talk to them. That way, they’ll find it easier to talk to you. It’s very difficult to have a conversation with people whose eyes are looking to the left, to the right, or at the floor. People may think you’re not interested in them and may stop being interested in you.
6. Be a good listener. Let people talk about themselves before talking about “me, me, me.” Ask lots of questions and show an interest in their answers.
根据描述为下列人物选择应该借鉴文章中的哪条建议（将相应数字序号填在横线上）
____4_______a. Tony is never sure what to talk about when he meets people.
____________b. Rose wants to know why her classmate, Cindy, is so good at making friends.
____________c. Adam stays home every weekend and watches videos.
____________d. Benson is a very good dancer, but he never tells anyone about it.
____________e. Martha doesn’t care for others. She always talks about herself.
____________f. When Pedro feels uncomfortable talking to someone, he starts to look away.
a____4__; b.________; c._______; d.______; e.______; f._______
( Key: 4—2—1—3—6—5 )
形式二 根据文章内容完成表格
Li Ming is presently studying English in New York. He has not been there long, and he is quite amazed at the great differences between American and Chinese cultures.
For one thing, Americans Chinese are different in arranging a visit. Chinese tend to call on their friends unexpectedly. Americans, on the other hand, prefer making an appointment in advance（提前）. An unexpected visitor is regarded as impolite.
For another thing, their table manners differ. Chinese usually eat directly from the serving dish. And during the meal, the hosts may keep putting food on the guest’s plate. An American, however, only eats from his own plate. He never picks up food for others unless he is asked to do so.
Moreover, they have different ways in responding to complimenting remarks. When a Chinese hostess is praised for her cooking skills, for instance, she will instantly apologize for being a poor cook. Yet an American hostess is likely to accept it, “Oh, I’m glad you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.”
At the beginning, it was hard for Li Ming to get used to things around him because of these cultural differences. But soon, he succeeded in adjusting to their way of doing things. “When in Rome, do as the Romans do,” he like to say when he was asked how he could get along in a new culture.
Differences American Chinese
Arranging a visit 1._____________________
______________________ Tend to call on friends unexpectedly
Table manners Only eats from his own plate and never picks up food for others during the meal 2_____________________
_____________________
Responding to compliment An American hostess is
3_____________________
_____________________ A Chinese hostess will
4_______________________
Secret of getting on well in a foreign country 5________________________________________________
(Key: 1. Prefer making an appointment in advance.
2.The hosts may keep putting food on the guest’s plate.
3. likely to accept it, “Oh, I’m glad you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.”
4. instantly apologize for being a poor cook.
5. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
VII.书面表达
eg: A仔细观察下幅图画，然后回答问题
1．Is he watching TV?
__________________
2．What’s he doing now?
____________________________ _____________________ 3．Do you like to keep plants?
___________________________ _____________________ 4．What activity do you like most in your free time?
_____________________________________________
5．Why do you like it?
____________________________________________
B. 你校与英国某中学结成姊妹学校，英方校刊编辑（Ann）来信了解你校的课外活动情况及你们的建议，请你根据下面提供的内容用英语写一篇80词左右的短文，（文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数）
生词：兴趣小组 interest group 活动 activity
活动时间：4：50 – 5：50
主要内容：（1）体育类：篮球、足球；
（2）兴趣小组活动： 绘画 歌舞 电脑等；
（3）英语角 （周三下午）。
建议：（1）增加课外活动时间;
（2）减少作业量。
Dear Ann,
I’ like to tell you something about the out- of-class activity in our school. We usually
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(参考答案：
I’ like to tell you something about the out- of-class activity in our school. We usually have activities from 4:50 -- 5:50 in the afternoon. We have different kinds of activities. Some students are interested in sports. They play basketball and football. We also have some special interest groups, such as drawing, singing and dancing. And now, We computer games are the most popular. On Wednesday afternoon we go to English Corner. We like speaking English there. We hope to spend more time on such activities and less time on homework.)
C. 每个人都有自己的梦想。请根据自己的实际情况，写一篇字数为80左右的短文。内容应包括：1)自己的梦想是什么？2)为什么会有这样的想法？3)为了实现梦想，该怎么办？
My Dream
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
有关宾语从句
一、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句顾名思义就是作（及物动词、介词或某些形容词）宾语的部分是由句子来充当。因此把这样的句子（含有从句）叫做复句。引导宾语从句的引导词分为三类即:
表示陈述语气用that , 表示一般疑问语气,含有“是否,能否”的意思whether 和if引导．表示特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问词导．宾语从句可做动词宾语,介词宾语,及某些形容词的宾语. 例如：
1、He wrote me a letter, saying that he would pay a visit to China next week. (动宾)
2、I wonder if you could spare me a few minutes? （动宾）
3、The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done.（介宾）
4、Mother was very pleased that her daughter had passed the exams. (形宾)
二、过好“三关”学习宾语从句：
（一）过引导词关
1、连词that(在口语中that常可省略)，if, whether,如：
He knows that Jim will work hard.
连接代词who, whom, which等，如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
连接副词when, where, how, why等，如：
Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
2、由that引导的宾语从句，如：
I don’t know (that )Tom was late again
I am afraid (that) it would rain soon
注意1:引导宾语从句的that 常可以省略,但下列情况下不能省略。
（1）、and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，除第一个从句中的that以外,后面从句中的that不能省略。
如：Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
（2）、that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
（3）、主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。
如：We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.
注意2:若有补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语it.
如：He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away.
I consider it necessary that he should do it again.
注意3: 否定转移. 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词后的宾语从句，从句中的否定往往在主句中体现。如：
I don’t think you are right.
I don’t believe that they have finished their work.
I don’t think he cares, does he?
3、由whether 或if 引导的宾语从句：
whether和if都有“是否”的意思。如：
I don’t know whether / if he will agree with me.
He asked me whether / if I have finished my homework.
注意1：在动词不定式之前只能用whether
如： I can’t decide whether to stay.
注意2：在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中
如：I want to know whether it’s good news or not .
注意3：在介词后，只能用whether
如：His father is worried about whether he lose his work .
注意4：条件状语从句不能用whether引导,如：
Please inform him of the news if he comes back before 10 o’clock.
4、由特殊疑问词(wh…)引导(要注意用陈述语气)
如：He asked me,“Where is Mr. Wang?”
---He asked me where Mr. Wang was.
（二）、过语序关
做宾语从句的句子不管原来是什么语序，在充当宾语从句时都要用陈述语序，即：“引导词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。
如：1、Tom said. He is reading a book.
→ Tom said that he was reading a book.
2、He asks me. Are they playing a game?
→ He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.
3、Where is the hospital? He told me.
→ He told me Where the Hospital was.
注意:当who在从句中做主语时,语序本身就是“主语+谓语”顺序,所以就不再变了.
如：I want to know. Who will come tomorrow?
→I want to know whowill come tomorrow.
(三)、过时态关
宾语从句的时态要受到主句时态的限制，即要和主句的时态保持一致（也有特殊情况），宾语从句的时态往往被忽视，希望能引起我们的注意。从下面三个方面去把握宾语从句的时态。
1、当主句的时态是一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时，从句的时态可根据句意的需要用任意一种时态。
2、当主句的时态为一般过去时宾语从句的时态要与原句相对应的过去的时态（带“过去”两个字）。
3、当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等，不管主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。
三、宾语从句的特殊语序问题
在“Do you think /believe/suppose----?等”结构中，宾语从句如果是由疑问词引导的，则要用“疑问词+ do you think/believe/suppose +正常语序？”
如：What has happened to him? Do you think? What do you think has happened to him?
四、否定转移问题
在think, believe等动词后面的宾语从句，如果从句的谓语动词表示否定意义，一般要将否定词not移到主句的谓语动词上面去，即通过否定主句的谓语动词来否定从句的（意义）谓语动词。此时变反意疑问句时仍将宾语从句视为否定，反意疑问部分用肯定形式。如：
1、I don’t think he will come.
2、I don’t think he will come, will he?
3、I think he will come, won’t he?
五、宾语从句的简化
1、当主句的谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, agree等，其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成动词不定式结构。
如：Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon. Wei Hua hopes to be back soon.
2、当know, learn, remember, forget等动词其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如：I don’t know what I should say. I don’t know what to say.
3、当tell, learn, show, teach等动词其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如：Could you tell me how I can get there? (句子中的 me 和I指的是同一个人)可以改写为：Could you tell me how to get there?
4、动词后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式来简化，但主语要发生变化。
如：It seemed that the boys were going to play games.
The boys seemed to play games.
复习小结：
1、变宾语从句的四个要素：引导词、语序、时态和标点符号
2、牢记宾语从句中的陈述句语序。
3、注意主句与从句时态的一致性(即：当主句是过去式时，从句要用过去范畴的某种时态，客观真理或自然现象除外)。
宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him what _____ _____ _____.
13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
二、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris
( )5. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave
C. why she had left D. why had she left
( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got
( )9. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
( )10. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen
( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it
( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
( )14. —Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set?
— Sorry, I've no idea.
A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought
( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another
( )16. — Could you tell me ______? — Yes. He ____ to the USA.
A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
( )17. —Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
—Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.
A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain
C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains
( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive
C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives
( )19.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
( )20. He asked me _______.
A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup
B. when was the APEC meeting held
C. when China became a member of the WTO
D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held
( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
( )22. You must remember _______.
A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
( )23. I don”t know ______ .
A. which room I can live B. which room can I live
C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in
( )24.－－Do you know when he ______ back ?
－－Sorry , I don”t . When he _______back , I”ll tell you .
A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come
C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come
( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( )26 Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( )27 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. are
( )28. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( )29.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( )30. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
三、用合适的连接词填空。
1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)
7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)
9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)
10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)
四、句型转换。
1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→
Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.
2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） →
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） →
Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） →
I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?
4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).
7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.
8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.
10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.
宾语从句参考答案：
一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was 14.if/whether, wanted 15.if/whether, was
二、1—5: DDDBB 6—10:ACDBC 11—15:CCBAD 16—20:BCDAC 21—25:DACCA 26—30:DCCBA
三、1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon 6.whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why 10.what
四、1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.which trousers she can 4.how to get 5.will they
五、1.will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swam 6.works
7.had finished 8.hike 9.helped 10.to go
楼主加油 祝你成功哦O(∩_∩)O